CHAPTER VIII
PUNISHABLE FACTS AGAINST HONOR AND REPUTATION
Article 150.- Slander
1º Anyone who, contrary to the truth and knowingly affirms or discloses to a third party or before him a fact referring to another, capable of damaging his honor, will be punished with a fine.
2º When the act is carried out in front of a crowd, through the dissemination of publications in accordance with article 14, paragraph 3, or repeatedly for a long time, the penalty may be increased to imprisonment of up to two years or a fine.
3 Instead of the penalty indicated, or jointly with it, the provisions of article 59 shall apply.
Article 151.- Defamation
1º Anyone who affirms or discloses, to a third party or before him, a fact related to another, capable of damaging his honor, will be punished with one hundred and eighty days-fine.
2º When the act is carried out in front of a crowd or through the dissemination of publications in accordance with article 14, paragraph 3, or repeatedly for a long time, the penalty may be increased to imprisonment of up to one year or a fine.
3º The statement or disclosure will not be penalized when it is directed confidentially to a close person or when, due to its form and content, it does not exceed the limits of an acceptable criticism.
4º The affirmation or disclosure will not be penalized when, weighing the interests and the duty of investigation that falls to the author according to the circumstances, it is a proportionate means for the defense of public or private interests.
5º Proof of the truth of the statement or disclosure will be admitted only when the application of paragraphs 3 and 4 depends on it.
6 Instead of the penalty indicated, or jointly with it, the provisions of article 59 shall apply.
Article 152.- Insult
1º The one that:
1. attributes to another an act capable of damaging his honor; or
2. Express a negative value judgment to another or to a third party regarding the former,
will be punished with a penalty of up to ninety days-fine.
2º When the injury is carried out before a third party or repeatedly for a long time, the penalty may be increased up to one hundred and eighty days-fine.
3º In these cases, the provisions of article 151, paragraphs 3 to 5 shall apply.
4 Instead of the penalty indicated or jointly with it, the provisions of article 59 shall apply.
Article 153.- Denigration of the memory of a dead
1º Anyone who seriously denigrates the memory of a dead person through slander, defamation, injury or injury to the privacy of the person, will be punished with imprisonment of up to one year.
2º The act will not be prosecutable if it is carried out after ten years have elapsed from the death of the denigrated, unless it constitutes, independently, another punishable act.
Article 154.- Penalties additional to those provided
1º In the cases of articles 150 to 152, the provisions of article 59 shall be applied instead of the penalty or jointly with it.
2º When, in the cases of articles 150 to 152, the act has been carried out before a crowd or through publications in accordance with article 14, paragraph 3, the provisions of article 62 will be applied at the request of the victim or the Public Ministry.
Article 155.- Reduced reproach
When the reproach to the author is considerably reduced by his motives or by an emotional excitement, the penalty and composition may be dispensed with in the cases of articles 150 to 152.
Article 156.- Instance
1º The criminal prosecution of slander, defamation and injury will depend on the instance of the victim. In these cases, the provisions of article 144, paragraph 5, last part, will be applied.
2º The criminal prosecution of the denigration of the memory of a dead person will depend on the instance of a relative, the executor, or a beneficiary of the inheritance.

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